How to host multiple websites behind one IP port 80 by myself?

I've looked believe me, and I can't find a definitive answer to my question. I've got a domain, example.eu and now I'm struggling to get things such as CA/TLS to work without changing the NAT from 1 host to another just for the verification (just for installation after changing back my main server on router it breaks). I'd like to have the following: www.example.eu - nc.server.example.eu (seperate machine) 192.168.1.2 (also hosts wireguard/adguard/docker) mattermost.server.example.eu (VM) 192.168.1.8 aapanel.server.example.eu (VM) 192.168.1.9 2/2Gbit fiber connection with 1IP 192.168.1.1 = edg

Question by Michiel on Super User, licensed CC BY-SA. We show a short excerpt and link to the original thread as credit.