Windows won't boot after power cut. Windows installation USB won't boot either

A few months ago, a very brief power outage occurred while I was using Windows 10. It lasted less than a second and when I turned my computer on again, it booted into Ubuntu, which was installed on an old HDD that I rarely used, instead of my Windows SSD, which used to be the default boot option. I tried to manually boot into that SSD, but it was not listed as an option. Browsing the contents of the SSD through Ubuntu is possible and all the files seem to be there. Gnome disks reports a bad sector, though I'm not sure if that happened before or after the power cut. I thought that maybe the UEF

Question by kourkoubini on Super User, licensed CC BY-SA. We show a short excerpt and link to the original thread as credit.